Cách lấy Android ID (Secure ID) theo chương trình trong Android

Giới thiệu

Ví dụ này minh họa cách lấy Android ID (Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID) theo chương trình trong Android.

Bước 1: Tạo dự án mới

Mở Android Studio, chọn File → New Project và điền thông tin cần thiết.

Bước 2: Cấu hình layout (res/layout/activity_main.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="https://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/text"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

TextView hiển thị Android ID (64-bit hex string).

Bước 3: Viết code logic (src/MainActivity.java)

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.Manifest;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.support.annotation.RequiresApi;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.webkit.CookieManager;
import android.webkit.WebChromeClient;
import android.webkit.WebSettings;
import android.webkit.WebView;
import android.webkit.WebViewClient;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    TextView textView;

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        textView = findViewById(R.id.text);
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE}, 101);
        }
    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 101:
                if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
                            != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                        return;
                    }
                    textView.setText("" + Settings.Secure.getString(
                            this.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID));
                } else {
                    // not granted
                }
                break;
            default:
                super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        }
    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            return;
        }
        textView.setText("" + Settings.Secure.getString(
                this.getContentResolver(), Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID));
    }
}

Quan trọng: Cần quyền READ_PHONE_STATE (dangerous permission) → xin phép runtime. Dùng Settings.Secure.getString(resolver, Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID). Lưu ý: Android ID có thể reset khi factory reset, và từ Android 8.0 (API 26) mỗi app có Android ID riêng (scoped).

Bước 4: Cấp quyền (AndroidManifest.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.myapplication">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

    </application>
</manifest>

Chạy ứng dụng

Kết nối thiết bị, nhấn Run. App xin quyền READ_PHONE_STATE, sau đó hiển thị Android ID.