Cách thêm icon vào EditText trong Android

Hướng dẫn này minh họa các cách thêm icon (drawable) vào EditText: trái, phải, trên, dưới bằng XML attribute drawableStart/End/Top/Bottom.

Bước 1: Tạo dự án mới

Mở Android Studio, chọn File → New Project.

Bước 2: Giao diện cơ bản (res/layout/activity_main.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="https://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:layout_marginTop="30dp"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <!-- Icon phải (search) -->
    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginHorizontal="10dp"
        android:paddingStart="12dp"
        android:paddingEnd="12dp"
        android:drawableEnd="@android:drawable/ic_menu_search"
        android:hint="Tìm kiếm..." />

    <!-- Icon trái (user) -->
    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginHorizontal="10dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:paddingStart="12dp"
        android:paddingEnd="12dp"
        android:drawableStart="@android:drawable/ic_menu_myplaces"
        android:hint="Tên người dùng" />

    <!-- Icon trái + phải (password) -->
    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginHorizontal="10dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:paddingStart="12dp"
        android:paddingEnd="12dp"
        android:drawableStart="@android:drawable/ic_lock_idle_lock"
        android:drawableEnd="@android:drawable/ic_menu_close_clear_cancel"
        android:hint="Mật khẩu"
        android:inputType="textPassword" />

</LinearLayout>

Bước 3: Activity (src/MainActivity.java)

package com.example.sample;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
}

Bước 4: Drawable nền tùy chỉnh (res/drawable/edittext_background.xml) — Tùy chọn

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <solid android:color="#FFFFFF" />
    <stroke android:width="1dp" android:color="#2f6699" />
    <corners android:radius="10dp" />
</shape>

Áp dụng: android:background="@drawable/edittext_background"

Bước 5: Manifest (AndroidManifest.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.sample">
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>
</manifest>

💡 Nâng cao: Xử lý click icon (drawableEnd)

editText.setOnTouchListener((v, event) -> {
    if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
        Drawable drawableEnd = editText.getCompoundDrawables()[2]; // index 2 = end/right
        if (drawableEnd != null) {
            int iconWidth = drawableEnd.getBounds().width();
            int clickX = (int) event.getX();
            int editTextWidth = editText.getWidth();
            int paddingEnd = editText.getPaddingEnd();
            // Kiểm tra click vào vùng icon
            if (clickX > editTextWidth - paddingEnd - iconWidth) {
                // Xử lý click icon (ví dụ: xóa text, toggle password visibility)
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
});

Chạy ứng dụng

Kết nối thiết bị, nhấn Run. Các EditText hiển thị icon hệ thống ở vị trí khác nhau.