| Vai trò | Mô tả | Lương trung bình (USD/năm) | Range (25th-75th %ile) |
|---|
| Network Technician | Cài đặt, cấu hình, troubleshoot network hardware (switch, router, AP, cable) | $50,514 | $40,000 - $58,500 |
| Security Technician | Triển khai, vận hành công cụ bảo mật (firewall, AV, backup, physical security) | $50,164 | $41,000 - $58,000 |
| Security System Technician | Cài đặt/bảo trì hệ thống an ninh vật lý (camera, access control, alarm) + network | $43,712 | $35,500 - $51,000 |
| Network Security Specialist / Analyst | Monitor, analyze, respond sự cố bảo mật mạng (SOC Tier 1/2) | $102,000 | $78,500 - $125,000 |
| Network Security Engineer | Thiết kế, triển khai, tuning kiến trúc bảo mật (Firewall, VPN, ZTNA, Segmentation) | $115,949 | $94,500 - $135,000 |
| Cybersecurity Engineer | Broader: AppSec, CloudSec, DevSecOps, Threat Modeling, Secure Architecture | $120,708 | $96,000 - $141,000 |
| Security Engineer (General) | Kết hợp Network + App + Cloud + Infra security | $123,859 | $100,000 - $145,000 |
| CISO / Security Director | Chiến lược, governance, risk, compliance, budget, board reporting | $158,939 (median) | $140,000 - $300,000+ |
Lương theo khu vực (US States - Network Security Specialist)
| Bang | Lương trung bình/năm | Lương trung bình/tháng |
|---|
| California | $120,520 | $10,043 |
| Vermont | $115,042 | $9,587 |
| Idaho | $113,540 | $9,462 |
| Massachusetts | $112,804 | $9,400 |
| New York / Washington / Virginia / Texas / Colorado | $105,000 - $115,000 | $8,750 - $9,580 |
Việt Nam (Tham chiếu 2024)
| Vai trò | Lương tháng (VNĐ) | Ghi chú |
|---|
| Network Technician (Fresh/Junior) | 8 - 15 triệu | CCNA, podstawy Linux/Windows |
| Security Technician / SOC Tier 1 | 10 - 18 triệu | Security+, SIEM basics, Log analysis |
| Network Security Engineer (Mid) | 20 - 35 triệu | CCNP Sec, Palo Alto/FortiGate, SIEM, Scripting |
| Senior Security Engineer / Lead | 35 - 55 triệu | CISSP, Cloud Sec, Architecture, Automation |
| Security Architect / Manager | 50 - 80+ triệu | Strategy, Governance, Team lead, Vendor mgmt |
Lưu ý: Công ty FDI/Product/Big Tech (Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Shopee, TikTok, VNG, FPT Software, Viettel Cyber Security...) trả cao hơn Outsource/Body shop 30-50%.
Chứng chỉ tác động lương
- Entry: Security+, Network+, CCNA → +10-20%
- Mid: CCNP Security, CySA+, Pentest+, GCED → +20-35%
- Senior: CISSP, CCSP, OSCP, GSE, Cloud Specialty → +35-50%+
Top kỹ năng trả lương cao (High-Paying Skills)
- Cloud Security (AWS/Azure/GCP Native Security, CSPM, CWPP)
- Application Security (SAST/DAST/SCA, Secure SDLC, Threat Modeling)
- Threat Hunting & Detection Engineering (Sigma, KQL, Splunk, Elastic)
- Automation/DevSecOps (Python, Terraform, Ansible, CI/CD Security)
- Zero Trust Architecture (ZTNA, Micro-segmentation, SASE/SSE)
- Incident Response & Forensics (DFIR, Malware Analysis)
- Identity & Access Management (IAM, PAM, Zero Trust Identity)
Triển vọng nghề nghiệp
- BLS US: Tăng 31% (2019-2029) cho Information Security Analyst
- Global shortage: ~3.5 triệu vị trí (ISC2 2023)
- Remote/Hybrid work phổ biến – cơ hội làm cho công ty nước ngoài
- Chuyển dịch: Network Security → Cloud Security / AppSec / DevSecOps / Security Architecture
